Jesus and Paul do not sound the same but they both have the same basic perspective: That Israel was basically a pagan nation.
There was reason they would be able to assert this. Aside from the frequent periods of pagan worship recorded in the book of Judges, Solomon had officially made the united nation of Israel a polytheist realm. YHWH got demoted from Israel’s only God to the head of a pantheon. In his letter to the Romans (1:18ff), Paul argues that all nations are piling up wrath by turning to idolatry instead of acknowledging God as he has revealed himself in his works. He includes Israel in that verdict, using phrases that point to their own history. The only sin Paul names for which their is no direct Scriptural evidence that Israel was a participant is lesbianism (Romans 1:26).
How does this compare to Jesus’ message during his ministry before the cross?
JESUS CALLING PEOPLE TO DIE TO ISRAEL’S HERITATE
The Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 5-7) is widely regarded as a sample of Jesus’ general teaching. Jesus basic message a reminder of Israel’s sinful heritage and a call to oppose it:
Blessed are you when others revile you and persecute you and utter all kinds of evil against you falsely on my account. Rejoice and be glad, for your reward is great in heaven, for so they persecuted the prophets who were before you.
Matthew 5:11–12 ESV
The prophets stood up against idolatry which, in Judah, almost alway meant standing up against Solomon’s royal heirs. It alway entailed opposing Israel’s leaders and warning them to repent.
Luke’s Gospel contains a remark from Jesus that shows a similar perspective:
At that very hour some Pharisees came and said to him, “Get away from here, for Herod wants to kill you.” And he said to them, “Go and tell that fox, ‘Behold, I cast out demons and perform cures today and tomorrow, and the third day I finish my course. Nevertheless, I must go on my way today and tomorrow and the day following, for it cannot be that a prophet should perish away from Jerusalem.’ O Jerusalem, Jerusalem, the city that kills the prophets and stones those who are sent to it! How often would I have gathered your children together as a hen gathers her brood under her wings, and you were not willing! Behold, your house is forsaken. And I tell you, you will not see me until you say, ‘Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord!’”
Luke 13:31–35 ESV
So Jerusalem is identified with bloodshed against those God sent. This is the city’s heritage. Thus:
“Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you build the tombs of the prophets and decorate the monuments of the righteous, saying, ‘If we had lived in the days of our fathers, we would not have taken part with them in shedding the blood of the prophets.’ Thus you witness against yourselves that you are sons of those who murdered the prophets. Fill up, then, the measure of your fathers. You serpents, you brood of vipers, how are you to escape being sentenced to hell?
Matthew 23:29–33 ESV; See also Luke 11:47ff
Jesus made clear in these cases that Israel’s opposition to himself was in keeping with their national legacy. His parable of the tenants in the vineyard also made that clear (Matthew 21:33–46; Mark 12:1–12; Luke 20:9–1).
Much more could be gathered as evidence (including from John’s Gospel and the preaching of John the Baptist recorded by both Matthew and Luke). The point is that, for Jesus, boasting in being a Jew or boasting in the Law as a Jew because God chose them to receive the Law, is completely stupid. They were boasting in a legacy of sin as if it was their righteousness.